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激光二极管（LD）和发光二极管（LED）都是新型半导体固体光源，节能、长寿命、窄光谱、智能可控和冷光源等优点使固态照明成为植物照明主体光源，具有广阔的应用前景。与LED相比，LD植物照明具有节能长寿命、能量更集中、单色波段更窄、照射距离更远和植物吸收有效性更高等诸多优势。但是，LD植物照明也存在成本高、功率低、点线照射、生理伤害易发生等劣势，扬长避短已成为当前推动LD植物照明研发应用必须克服的难题。原始发射的LD激光为点线照射能量集中易造成植物生理伤害，高剂量只能对种子或植物局部进行短时刺激。通过二次光学设计将激光分散后照射面积成倍增加，低剂量能量适中，可实现对植物进行长期照射。LED植物照明更加直接可行，可完成植物生活史，非极端光谱、光强和光周期不会产生伤害。因此，LD植物照明技术装备研发的关键在于通过二次光学设计实现激光照射光束的合理分散实现。本文总结了LED与LD光源的光电的优势和劣势，提出了当前条件下LD激光单独使用高光强难实现和照射面积小的局限性及LD与LED结合应用的必要性。
Abstract：Laser diode(LD) and light-emitting diode(LED) are both new kinds of semiconductor solid-state light sources,which have broad application prospects in plant lighting because of their advantages such as energy saving,long life,narrow spectrum,intelligent control,and cold light source.Compared with LED,LD plant lighting has the advantages of long life,narrow wavelength,more concentrated energy,purer spectrum,and farther illumination and efficient absorption by photo synthetic pigments.However,LD plant lighting also has many disadvantages such as high cost,low power,point and line illumination,and excessive energy causing physiological damage.Therefore,how to overcome disadvantages and make full use of the advantages has become the difficulty of promoting the research and development of LD plant lighting.The LD laser of the original emission is a point line irradiation,which is easy to cause physiological damage to plants,high-dose laser can only stimulate seeds or local parts plants for a short time;after the laser is dispersed through secondary optical design,the area of irradiation is increased by times,the energy is moderate,and it can be for long-term irradiation of living plants at low dose.LED can irradiate the plants directly to complete their life history,and no damage occurs except under extreme light intensity,spectrum and photoperiod.Therefore,the key to the research and development of LD plant lighting technology equipment is to achieve a reasonable dispersion of the laser irradiation beam through secondary optical design.This paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of LED and LD devices in photoelectric properties.Furthermore,the problems of high light-intensity and lighting area limitations of LD laser to be used alone under the current conditions,and the necessity of combined application of LD and LED in practical application were proposed.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TM923;S62
引用信息:
[1]刘文科.LD与LED植物照明光电优劣势分析及设施园艺应用策略[J].中国照明电器,2026,No.493(04):14-20.
基金信息:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-IEDA-T07）
2026-04-25
2026-04-25